Juukan 2 Remediation Project

 

 

Juukan 2 (J2) was a highly significant Aboriginal rockshelter located in the Hamersley Range of the Pilbara region in Western Australia. The site is situated within an area traditionally recognised as part of the Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura (PKKP) cultural landscape, specifically within the Puutu Kunti Kurrama (PKK) area.

In May 2020, Rio Tinto’s mining activities, blasted and destroyed the Juukan 2 rockshelter as part of its iron ore mine expansion

Prior to its destruction, heritage teams discovered that the site contained evidence of continuous human occupation spanning from more than 47,000 years, making it one of the very few known sites globally to demonstrate uninterrupted human presence through the last Ice Age.

The shelter held extraordinary archaeological material, including ancient stone tools, bone fragments, and a 4,000-year-old braided human hair artefact, which provided rare genetic insight into the direct descendants of today’s Traditional Owners.

Some of this material was recovered before the site was destroyed.

The destruction of this sacred Puutu Kunti Kurrama peoples’ heritage site by Rio Tinto sparked global outrage and became a catalyst for renewed calls to reform Australia’s outdated Aboriginal heritage protection laws.

CDM Studio and the Juukan 2 (J2) Replica

In 2023, CDM Studio was engaged to explore construction methodologies for the recreation and rehabilitation of Juukan 2, following the loss of the original rockshelter in 2020.

Because of the lack of digital documentation, the first phase of R&D focused on the development of a digital model, full-scale prototyping and immersive virtual reality. These tools enabled Traditional Owners to contribute directly to the model by reviewing it and providing  direct feedback based on memory and lived knowledge.

The Project is led by PKKPAC: all decision and approvals are made by the Aboriginal Corporation with the support Rio Tinto  and multiple Engineering teams led by WSP.

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Ongoing R&D and Physical Modelling

Alongside the digital reconstruction, ongoing R&D has focused on large-format 3D printing to produce physical scale models of the cave. These models allow stakeholders to better understand the size, complexity, and construction sequencing in a tangible way that digital models alone cannot fully convey.

By physically handling and reviewing them, project teams can have informed discussions around methodology, risk, and installation. These models are a key communication tool between traditional owners, designers, engineers, and fabricators to align expectations.

 

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Shared Approach

The Juukan 2 Remediation project is undertaken with deep respect for the PKKP people and in collaboration with all partners.

The recreation is not intended to replace the original  rockshelter, but to support education, reflection, and cultural understanding for future generations.

As of January 2026, CDM and its partners have begun the Stage 2 Prototypes.

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The replica will serve as a means to honour and communicate the site's cultural significance.

Exploring Global Heritage Replicas

A key project milestone and core team building exercise was an international field trip to the Lascaux and Chauvet cave replicas in France.

CDM’s director Daniel Browne attended the trip to France alongside senior PKKP Traditional Owners, key Rio Tinto project members and PKKPAC representatives.

This 10-day fact finding mission was designed to meet with respective Chauvet and Lascaux project directors and engineers for exchanging knowledge.

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Recent News

In the Media

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ABC News - "Reimagining culture" - Nicolas Perpitch

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ABC News - "Replica of destroyed Juukan 2 rock shelter" - Nicolas Perpitch

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